Is NLP a cult? Picture of a brain.

Cult of NLP: Is Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) a cult?

I’ve seen how NLP can transform lives as an NLP trainer.

However, I know that, along with its growing recognition, there have been questions and even controversies. One such question that arises from time to time is whether we could describe NLP as a cult.

In this article, I invite you to join me in a thorough exploration of this question. Not to stigmatise or defending, but for understanding and clarity.

We’ll first establish our measuring stick by defining what a cult is, outlining ten specific signs that are associated with cults.

From there, we’ll examine NLP through this lens, scrutinising each sign and assigning a score from one to ten. Illustrating how closely—if at all—NLP aligns with these characteristics.

Providing clarity and transparency is of utmost importance to me as an NLP trainer. I believe in the potential of NLP to enhance personal growth and improve communication. I also understand the importance of critical reflection and open discussion.

So let’s embark on this exploration together, shedding light on the relationship between NLP and cults.

Definition of a cult:

A cult is a group or movement with a shared commitment to a usually extreme ideology or set of beliefs that’s often embodied in a charismatic leader. The devotion and commitment of the cult’s members is absolute, and they often isolate themselves from the rest of society.

definitions of a cult from different respected sources on cults and academics:

  • Steven Hassan, author of Combating Cult Mind Control: “A cult is a group or movement with a shared commitment to a usually extreme ideology or set of beliefs that’s often embodied in a charismatic leader. The devotion and commitment of the cult’s members is absolute, and they often isolate themselves from the rest of society.”
  • Janja Lalich, author of Cults in Our Midst: “A cult is a group or movement that uses unethically manipulative methods to control its members and exploit them for personal or financial gain.”
  • Ronald Enroth, author of The Jesus People Movement: “A cult is a group that exhibits the following characteristics: (1) a charismatic leader who is infallible by the members; (2) a closed system of belief that is not open to outside criticism; (3) a demand for absolute obedience from the members; (4) a separation of the members from their families and friends; (5) a use of mind control techniques to control the members.”

Some examples of cults include:

  • The People’s Temple, led by Jim Jones, which committed mass suicide in Guyana in 1978.
  • The Branch Davidian, led by David Koresh, which was destroyed by the FBI in Waco, Texas in 1993.
  • NXIVM, led by Keith Raniere, which was accused of using mind control techniques to control and exploit its members.
Control over a handdrawn pictuer of a womans head

Cults can be dangerous, and it’s important to be aware of the signs of a cult.

These are just a few definitions of a cult. There is no one definition that is universally accepted, but these definitions provide a good starting point for understanding what a cult is.

When examining a group or movement, it’s important to consider several indicators that might signal cult.

While not all groups exhibiting these signs are cults. Not all cults will manifest all these signs, these factors are commonly present in many cults.

It’s essential to note that these signs do not denote something inherently harmful but show a high potential for manipulation and abuse of power.

Here are 10 signs often associated with cults:

  1. Charismatic Leader or Guru: Cults often have a charismatic leader who becomes the object of worship and the major driving force of the group. This leader may use their influence or charm to manipulate followers.
  2. Control Over Members: Cults typically exert a high level of control over their members. This can be emotional, financial, or even physical. Members may be required to live in specific locations, wear certain types of clothing, or adhere to strict codes of behaviour.
  3. Isolation: Cults frequently isolate their members from the outside world, including families and friends. This is to create a strong dependency on the group and limit external influences.
  4. Fear Tactics: Cults often use fear to control their members. This can include the fear of a looming apocalypse, fear of outsiders, or fear of losing one’s salvation.
  5. Manipulative Teachings: Cult teachings often distort reality or truth to manipulate members. This could involve revisionist history, twisting of scientific facts, or out-of-context spiritual teachings.
  6. Intense Indoctrination: Cults often require intense indoctrination processes..
  7. Exploitation: Cults often exploit their members, either financially, physically, or emotionally. Members may be required to give large amounts of money, perform free labour, or engage in abusive relationships.
  8. Us Versus Them Mentality: Cults often foster an ‘us versus them’ mentality, viewing themselves as special or chosen and outsiders as evil or misguided.
  9. No Tolerance for Dissent: Cults rarely tolerate dissent or questioning of the group’s beliefs, practices, or leadership. The group may shun, punish, or expel those who dissent..
  10. Exit Difficulties: Leaving a cult can be extremely difficult because of manipulation, fear tactics, isolation, and other forms of control. Some cults may even threaten or enact physical harm on those who attempt to leave.

NLP has been debated, with some arguing it has a cult-like quality.

To address this claim, we will analyse NLP based on the 10 signs of a cult, as discussed above. We will evaluate each characteristic on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 meaning NLP does not align with the characteristic at all, and 10 showing a strong alignment.

It’s important to note that this analysis is not definitive. Interpretations can vary depending on individual experiences.

Cult of Neuro Linguistic Programming 

In the following section, we will present an analysis of NLP in relation to each of the 10 signs of a cult.

an outline of a charismatic leader

Charismatic Leader

A charismatic leader is one who can influence and motivate others with their charm and communication skills..

This person can articulate a vision, inspire trust and respect, and stimulate followers to exceed their own self-interest for the good of the group.

In NLP, a charismatic leader would be a trainer who excels in utilising the techniques of NLP to influence their students.

These leaders use language, body language, and other non-verbal communication to build trust.

For example, an NLP trainer might use a technique known as “anchoring,” where they associate a physical touch with a positive emotional state.

Once this anchor is established, the trainer can trigger that positive emotion in the individual, thus influencing their state of mind and behaviour.

Similarly, a trainer might use “mirroring” or “matching” techniques to build a deep level of rapport with their students. The trainer can create a connection with their students by subtly matching body language, vocal tonality, or speech patterns..

These techniques can exert influence, but not necessarily manipulation. Like any tool, their ethical implications depend on the intention and integrity of the user.

The potential for influence and control make this an 8.5 out of 10.

Coercive Persuasion or Mind Control

Mind control refers to psychological tactics used to manipulate people. This can involve the use of guilt, fear, and peer pressure, as well as more subtle methods like hypnosis or suggestive language.

Neuro-Linguistic Programming trainers often use hypnosis to help people change and improve. Helping individuals gain focus and reframe negative beliefs through suggestive language. However, anyone can misuse this technique like any other powerful tool.

A case in point would be a certain UK-based NLP trainer known for his public speaking courses. To sell his courses, the trainer employs a particular technique that is manipulative.

He begins by offering a free place on his expensive course to a participant who can make it to the stage within a specified time.

He selects a participant who can make it to the stage within a specified time and excites the crowd. Then, he changes the terms of the deal.

The trainer states he will, after all, charge for the course to ensure the participant gets the most from the training, but will offer a 50% discount if the participant joins the course within the next 30 seconds. He then extends this offer to everyone else who had rushed the stage, giving them a five-minute window to sign up.

The trainer’s tactic could be seen as unethical persuasion.

Given that persuasion is built into the training of NLP and can be used for positive outcomes but also has the potential for misuse, we give this a 5 out of 10.

Exploitation (financial, sexual, etc.)

Exploitation refers to taking unfair advantage of someone for one’s own benefit. This can take many forms, including financial, sexual, or emotional exploitation, and is a common characteristic of cults. Leaders often exploit members’ trust and dependence to serve their own needs or desires, often under the guise of serving the group or a higher purpose.

Exploitation in Neuro-Linguistic Programming could include trainers charging too much or using misleading tactics.

For instance, a trainer may claim to possess secret knowledge or techniques that no other trainers have. Creating an illusion of exclusivity and justifying exorbitant fees for their courses.

This can pressure students into paying more than they might otherwise be willing to, driven by a fear of missing out on vital knowledge or skills.

A trainer might suggest that students who don’t take their training won’t be accepted as NLP practitioners. This can create a sense of fear and uncertainty, pushing students to enrol in their courses to gain validation and acceptance.

These examples show how financial exploitation can occur within the context of NLP training.

However, it’s important to note that not all trainers engage in such practices. The potential for exploitation is a matter of individual conduct rather than a characteristic of NLP itself.

Given these considerations, we can assign a score of 4 out of 10 for this sign.

Isolation, painting of a woman looking sad

Isolation from Friends and Family

Isolation from friends and family is a common tactic employed by cults to increase control over their members.

This can involve physical separation, such as moving to a secluded location, or psychological strategies.

The goal is to create a sense of dependency on the group and its leader, thereby consolidating their influence.

In Neuro-Linguistic Programming, such isolation is not a typical characteristic.

NLP training boosts personal growth and communication, strengthening relationships. However, some elements of cult behaviour might manifest in certain scenarios.

One such scenario could involve what’s known as “love bombing.” A tactic commonly used by cults where new members are showered with attention and praise to make them feel special and welcomed.

A similar approach in an NLP training environment could cause the group feeling more important than others.

Some NLP trainers may attempt to create a sense of exclusivity or superiority by undermining the training provided by others. This might lead to social isolation, where trainees feel a sense of disconnect or superiority over those who have trained elsewhere.

Given these considerations, we can assign a score of 2-3 out of 10 for this sign. This reflects the potential for such behaviour but does not suggest it is a prevalent or inherent aspect of NLP training.

Punishments for Questions or Criticisms

In many cults, there is a culture of discouraging or even punishing questions and criticisms. This is a means of maintaining control and preserving the absolute authority of the leader. Any challenge to the established norms or leadership can be seen as a threat to the group’s unity and the leader’s authority.

In Neuro-Linguistic Programming, this is not a standard practice. In fact, NLP encourages questioning and critical thinking as part of the learning process. However, as with any field, there can be instances where this ideal is not fully lived up to.

One such instance could involve the use of what some trainers refer to as “shock tactics.” This might involve sudden shouting or other jarring actions aimed at jolting the person’s unconscious mind.

While trainers who employ these tactics might argue that they are doing it for the student’s benefit. It can be perceived as punitive, especially if the student is being reprimanded for questioning or criticising something.

Given these considerations, we can assign a score of 3 out of 10 for this sign.

Image featuring the word 'Hierarchy' at the top, followed by a detailed hierarchy diagram

Strict Hierarchy and Control

Cults often maintain a strict hierarchy and exert a high level of control over their members. This hierarchy serves to consolidate power in the hands of the leader and senior members. While control mechanisms ensure adherence to the group’s beliefs and norms.

In Neuro-Linguistic Programming, there is a recognised pathway of progression, ranging from an:

This structure resembles a hierarchy, but is actually an educational progression.

However, the pressure to progress through these levels without considering if it’s the right path for the individual can become an issue.

Some trainers or institutions might strongly encourage or even insist upon this progression. Which could lead to individuals advancing before they are ready or in a direction that does not align with their personal goals.

Control in NLP can be a more nuanced topic. Techniques such as Embedded Commands. They hide suggestions within everyday language, can influence individuals subtly. These techniques can help people, but they can also be misused.

Given these considerations, a score of 5 out of 10 seems appropriate for this sign.

Us vs. Them Mentality

A common trait seen in cults is the fostering of an “us versus them” mentality. This can solidify the group identity, deepen commitment, and isolate members from outside influences. It sets up a dichotomy where the cult and its members are special, enlightened, or superior. While they view outsiders as misguided, inferior, or even as enemies.

In the realm of Neuro-Linguistic Programming, there can be elements of this dynamic, but they are less pronounced. They may compare NLP training programs with each other or to other disciplines, such as coaching or hypnosis.

Certain trainers or institutions could create an “us versus them” dynamic..

Given the potential for this dynamic to emerge, but recognising that it is not a core or universal aspect of NLP, a score of 4 out of 10 seems appropriate for this sign.

Life Consuming Practices

Cults often require members to engage in practices that consume significant portions of their lives. Leaving little time for reflection or outside activities.

This could involve long hours of labour, ritual practices, mandatory meetings, or intensive study. The primary purpose of such practices is to ensure total immersion in the cult’s belief system and lifestyle. Leaving little room for questioning or dissent.

NLP, as a field of study and practice, does not require such life-consuming commitments.

I encourage students and practitioners of NLP to learn and apply the principles and techniques at their own pace.

Of course, like any new pursuit, the study of NLP can be engaging and absorbing. Students might study significantly, practicing, and thinking about NLP, especially during intensive training courses. However, this is not different from the commitment required when pursuing any new field of study or personal interest.

NLP rarely requires or promotes practices that are so time-consuming as to crowd out other aspects of life. While some individuals might choose to devote significant time to NLP, this is a matter of choice rather than a requirement.

Given these considerations, a score of 1 out of 10 seems appropriate for this sign.

No Legitimate Way to Leave

A characteristic feature of many cults is the lack of a legitimate or acceptable way for members to leave.

Leaving is discouraged or even punished, and those who do leave may be shunned or treated as traitors. This serves to trap members within the group and maintain control over them.

With Neuro-Linguistic Programming, there is no such restriction or penalty. NLP is a field of study and a set of techniques, not a closed group or organisation. Participation in NLP training or practice is voluntary and can be ceased without repercussion.

It typically structure NLP trainings and courses with a clear beginning and end. No obligation to continue beyond this if one chooses not to. This provides a clear and legitimate exit point for participants.

Considering this, we assign a score of 1 out of 10 for this sign.

Ultimately, NLP does not meet the criteria for being classified as a cult. The total score, calculated out of 100, puts NLP at the lower end of the spectrum.

Here’s a recap of the scores:

  1. Charismatic Leader: 8.5
  2. Coercive Persuasion or Mind Control: 5
  3. Exploitation: 7
  4. Isolation from Friends and Family: 2.5
  5. Punishments for Questions or Criticisms: 3
  6. Strict Hierarchy and Control: 5
  7. Us vs. Them Mentality: 4
  8. Life Consuming Practices: 1
  9. No Legitimate Way to Leave: 1
  10. Threats of Dire Consequences for Leaving: 1

The Answer 

This gives NLP a total score of 37 out of 100.

Though NLP practices could be misused like a cult, the field as a whole doesn’t meet cult characteristics.

We should not interpret this analysis as dismissing the potential misuse of NLP principles.

NXIVM is a case in point, where an NLP trainer designed their courses, demonstrating that these techniques can be misused.. As with any tool or technique, ethical considerations are paramount.

If a cult has affected you or someone, there are resources available that can help.

Freedom of Mind Resource Center (FOM): FOM is another non-profit organisation that provides information and support to people who have been affected by cults. FOM offers a variety of resources https://freedomofmind.com/

Described as a cult FAQ

What is Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP)?

NLP is a method of using language and communication to change how the brain responds and creates better behaviours..

Is NLP a cult?

Our comprehensive analysis of NLP against cult characteristics shows that, while they could misuse some elements of NLP. NLP itself does not meet the criteria to be classified as a cult.

Who are the founders of NLP?

Richard Bandler and John Grinder developed NLP in the 1970s. Their work was based on the study of successful psychotherapists and aimed to provide tools and techniques for personal and professional development.

What is the “Cult of NLP”?

The term “Cult of NLP” describes devoted followers of NLP. It’s important to note that this does not imply that NLP is a cult, but highlights how any discipline might be misused.

Can NLP techniques be used in a manipulative way?

Like any powerful tool, NLP techniques can be used both ethically and unethically. The answer is yes. NLP includes techniques like body language and embedded commands, which might be used in a manipulative manner. It’s crucial for practitioners to use these techniques responsibly.

What does NLP training involve?

NLP training involves learning a set of techniques that help in personal development, therapy, and communication. This might include an NLP Practitioner or a Master Practitioner, with each level offering more advanced study and practice.

Is there scientific evidence supporting NLP?

The scientific evidence for NLP is mixed, with some studies showing benefits and others critiquing its lack of an evidence base. Please find NLP Journal https://anlp.org/nlp-research

Has NLP been associated with any cults in the past?

While NLP itself is not a cult, sometimes individuals associated with cults have used NLP techniques. For example, court documents revealed that an NLP trainer was involved in designing courses for the NXIVM group.

How can NLP help in psychotherapy?

NLP provides a range of tools and techniques that can be used in psychotherapy. These include understanding and changing thought processes, managing emotional responses, and improving non-verbal communication.

Where can I find resources if a cult has affected me?

You can find several online resources if a cult has affected you. for example: www.peopleleavecults.com offer a variety of resources, articles, and guidance to help understand and recover from cultic influences.

We would love to hear your thoughts on this analysis. Do you agree with the rating given to NLP? Do you have any examples of NLP being misused? Please share your thoughts and experiences.

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